Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)

Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Diagnosis: body fusiform, rather robust. D X + 11-13, A III + 6-7 caudal fin rounded or truncate. Scales moderate in size, 44-50 in lateral line. Colour: brownish, 2-5 dark vertical bands on side, of which the one below the soft dorsal fin bifurcates above; 3 yellow lines on head; a black blotch on the middle of dorsal fin; pelvic fins and base of anal fin blackish. Size: to 15 cm SL, usually 10-12 cm.

Habitat: benthic on the shelf to about 100 m, on Posidonia beds, sandy and muddy bottoms. Food: fishes and invertebrates. Reproduction: March August (Mediterranean).

Distribution: eastern Atlantic from Portugal to the Canaries and Mediterranean. Elsewhere, African coasts southward to Senegal.

Eggs, larvae and young stages. Holt, 1899: 11, pl. 4 (fig. 33-40) | Lo Bianco, 1909: 7041 Fage, 1918: 24, fig. 8-11 | de Buen, 1932: 25, fig. 17 | Bertolini, 1933: 325, pl. 21 (fig. 1-11) | Varagnolo, 1964: 255, pl. 1 (fig. 5) | Marinaro, 1971: 31, pl. 6 (fig. 2-4).
Otoliths (sagitta). Chaine, 1935: 115, pl. 8 | Bauzá Rullán, 1954: 63, pl. 10 (fig. 1).

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Superclass Gnathostomata
Class Osteichthyes
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei
Family Serranidae
Genus Serranus
Species Serranus hepatus

Status in World Register of Marine Species

Accepted name: Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Scientific synonyms and common names

Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Synonyms:

Labrus Hepatus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. X: 282 ('Habitat in Mari Mediterraneo').
Holocentrus siagonotus Delaroche, 1809, Ann. Mus. Hist. nat., Paris, 13: 66, fig. 8 (Balearic islands).
Holocentrus hepatus: Risso, 1810, Ichth. Nice: 292 (Nice).
Serranus hepatus: Risso, 1826: 377 Bonaparte, 1833, pl. 86 (fig. 1) Costa, 1845-1846: 10, pl. 7 Moreau, 1881, 2: 363, fig. 121 Doderlein, 1889: 50 Boulenger, 1895: 286 Nobre, 1935: 23 Cadenat, 1935: 384, fig. 2 Robins & Starck, 1961: 263, fig. 6a Bini, 1968, 4: 83, fig.
Holocentrus adriaticus Nardo, 1827, Prodr. Adr. Ichth.: 14, 21 (Adriatic).
Centropristis hepatus: Günther, 1859, 1: 84 (Mediterranean).
Paracentropristis hepatus: Jordan & Eigenmann, 1890, Bull. U.S. Fish. Commn, 8: 395 Fowler, 1936, 2: 765, fig. 337 Lozano Rey, 1952: 79, pl. 3 (fig. 4) Dieuzeide et al., 1954: 206, fig. Soljan, 1963: 285, fig. 669.


Common names:

benekli hani [Tu]
beutelbarsch [De]
bourkach [Ar]
brown comber [En]
merillo [Es]
misic [Hr]
okonus [Iw]
perca [He]
sacchetto [It]
sirrana tar-ramel [Mlt]
tambour [Fr]
tamboutcho [Ar]

Bauzá-Rullán, J. 1954. Contribución al conocimiento de la ictiologia actual y fossil de España. Boln. R. Soc. esp. Hist. nat. (Biol.), 52: 63-74, 3 pl.

Bertolini, F. 1933. Apogonidae, Serranidae. In: Uova, larve e stadi giovanili di Teleostei. Fauna Flora Golfo Napoli, 38: pp. 306-331, fig. 245-256, pl. XV, pl. XIX-XXI.

Bini, G. 1967-1972. Atlante dei pesci delle Coste italiane. Mondo Sommerso, Milano, 9 vol: I, 1967, Leptocardi, Ciclostomi, Selaci, 206 pp., 66 fig. + 64 col. fig. II, 1971, Osteitti (Acipenseriformi, Clupeiformi, Mictofiformi, Anguilliformi), 300 pp., 73 col. fig. III, 1970, Notacantiformi . . . Zeiformi, 229 pp., 34 fig. + 63 col. fig. IV, 1968, Perciformi (Mugiloidei, Percoidei), 163 pp., 34 fig. + 49 col. fig. V, 1968, Perciformi (Percoidei), 175 pp., 22 fig. + 56 col. fig. VI, 1968, Perciformi (Trichiuroidei . . . Blennioidei), 177 pp., 48 fig + 57 col. fig. VII,1969, Perciformi (Ofidioidei . . . Dactilopteroidei), 196 pp., 57 fig. + 59 col. fig. VIII,1968, Pleuronettiformi, Echeniformi, Gobioesociformi, Tetraodontiformi, Lofiformi, 164 pp., 34 + 63 fig. IX, 1972, Introduzione. Parte generale. Aggiornamenti. Indici. 176 p.

Bonaparte, C. L. 1832-1841. Iconografia della Fauna italica per le quattro classi degli Animali Vertebrati, tomo III, Pesci, Roma, without pagination, 75 puntate (in 30 fasc.), 78 pl. 1832: Fasc. I (Puntate 1-6), 2 pl.; 1833: II-V (pp. 7-28),12 pl.; 1834: VI-XI (pp. 29-58), 12 pl.; 1835: XII-XIV (pp. 59-79), 12 pl.; 1836: XV-XVIII (pp. 80-93), 10 pl.; 1837: XIX-XXI (pp. 94-103, pp. 105-109), 5 pl.; 1838: XXII-XXIII (pp. 104, pp. 110-120), 2 pl.; 1839: XXIV-XXVI (pp. 121-135), 8 pl.; 1840: XXVII-XXIX (pp. 136-154), 10 pl.; 1841: XXX (pp. 155-160), 5 pl.

Boulenger, G. A. 1895. Catalogue of the Perciform fishes in the British Museum, 1, 391 pp., 15 pl.

Buen, F. de 1932. Formas ontogenicas de peces (Nota primera). Notas Resúm. Inst. esp. Oceanogr., 2 (57): 38 pp., 27 fig.

Cadenat, J. 1935. Les Serranidés de la Côte occidentale d'Afrique (du Cap Spartel au Cap Vert). Rev. Trav. Off. (scient. tech.) Pêch. marit., 8 (4): pp. 377-422, 30 fig.

Chaine, J. 1935. Recherches sur les otolithes des Poissons. Étude descriptive et comparative de la sagitta des Téléostéens. Act. Soc. linn. Bordeaux, 87: 1-242,18 pl.

Delaroche, F. E. 1809a. Observations sur des poissons recueillis dans un voyage aux îles Baléares et Pythiuses. Annls Mus. Hist. nat., Paris, 13: pp. 98-122.

Dieuzeide, R.; Novella, M. (collab. J. Roland), 1953-1955. Catalogue des Poissons des Côtes algériennes. Bull. Stn Aquic. Pêch. Castiglione, I (n.s.), (4), 1952 [1953]: pp. 1-135, 73 fig. n. num.; II (n.s.), (5), 1953 [1954]: pp. 1-258, 135 fig. n. num.; III (n.s.), (6), 1954 [1955]: pp. 1-384, 202 fig. n. num.

Döderlein, P. 1879-1891. Manuale Ittiologico del Mediterraneo ossia senossi metodica delle varie specie di pesci riscontrate sin qui nel Mediterraneo ed in particolare nei mari di Sicilia. Palermo, 1879-1891 (on title: '1879-1880') 5 parts: I, 1879: viii+67 pp.; II, 1881: pp. 1-120; III, 1884: pp. 121-258; IV, 1889: pp. 1-188; V, 1891: pp. 189-320.

Fage, L. 1918. Shore-Fishes. Rep. Dan. oceanogr. Exped. Mediterr...., 2, Biology, (A.3): 154 pp., 114 fig., 16 maps.

Fowler, H. W. 1936. The Marine Fishes of West Africa, based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition 1909-1915. Bull. am. Mus. nat. Hist., 70 (1), Jan. 21, 1936: pp. vii+1-606, fig. 1-275; (2), Nov. 18, 1936: pp. 607-1493, fig. 276-567.

Günther, A. 1859. Catalogue of the Acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. 1. Gasterosteidae, Berycidae, Percidae, Aphredoderidae, Pristipomatidae, Mullidae, Sparidae. London, pp. xxxi+524.

Jordan, D. S.; Eigenmann, C. H. 1890. A review of the genera and species of Serranidae found in the waters of America and Europe. Bull. U.S. Fish Commn, 1888 [1890], 8: 329-441, 10 pl.

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae, ed. X, vol. 1, 824 pp. Nantes & Pisces: pp. 230-338. (Reprint, 1956, London.)

Lo Bianco, S. 1909. Notizie biologiche riguardanti specialmente il periodo di maturita sessuale degli animali del golfo di Napoli. Mitt. zool Stn Neapel, 19: pp. 513-761.

Lozano y Rey, L. 1952. Peces fisoclistos, Subserie Toracicos. Mems R. Acad. Cienc. exact. fis. nat. Madr., ser.: Cien. nat., Primate parte, 14: pp. xv+1-378, fig. 1-20, pl. I-XXX; Segunda parte, 14: pp. 379-705, fig. 21-31, pl. XXI-LI.

Marinaro, J. Y. 1971. Contribution à l'Étude des Ïufs et larves pélagiques de poissons méditerranéens. V. (Îufs pélagiques de la baie d'Alger. Pelagos, Bull. Inst. océanogr. Alger, 3(1): pp. 1-115, 18 fig., 27 pl.

Moreau, E. 1881-1891. Histoire naturelle des poissons de la France, Paris, I, 1881: pp. I-VII+1-480, fig. 1-82; II, 1881: pp. 1-572, fig. 83-145; III, 1881: pp. 1-697, fig. 146-220; Suppl., 1891: pp. 1-144, fig. 221-227.

Nardo, G. D. 1827a. Prodromus observationum et disquisitionum Adriaticae ichthyologiae. Giorn. Fisica Nat. Pavia, 10: pp. 22-40 (also publ. in Isis, 1826: pp. 473-488).

Nobre, A. 1935. Fauna marinha de Portugal. 1. Vertebrados (Mamiferos, Reptis e Peixes), Porto.: pp. Ixxxiv+1-21 (Mamiferos); pp. 1-5 (Reptis); pp. 1-574 (Peixes), pl. 1-77, phot. 1-64.

Risso, A. 1810. Ichthyologie de Nice, ou histoire naturelle des poissons du département des Alpes Maritimes. Paris, xxxvi+388 pp., 11 pl. (Reprint, 1966, Asher, Amsterdam.)

Risso, A. 1826. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. Paris et Strasbourg, vol. III, XVI+486 pp., 16 pl.

Robins, C. R.; Starck, W. A. 1961. Materials for a revision of Serranus and related fish genera. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 113 (11): pp. 259-314, 8 fig.

Soljan, T. 1963. Fishes of the Adriatic (Ribe Jadrana). Fauna et flora adriatica 1 (revised and enlarged for the English edition), 428 pp., many unnumbered fig.

Varagnolo, S. 1964. Calendario di comparse di uova pelagiche di Teleostei marini nel plancton di Chioggia. Archo Oceanogr. Limnol., 13 (2): pp. 249-279, 8 pl. Costa, O. G. 1829-1857. Fauna del regno di Napoli, ossia enumerazione di tutti gli animali, Pesci, 3 pts, 70 fasc. Part. 1, 1829-1853, 511 pp., 60 pl.; Part 2, 1842-1853, 148 pp., 69 pl.; Part 3, 1837-1857, 101 pp., 17 pl. (For publications dates see Sherborn, 1937, J. Soc. Biblphy nat. Hist., 1(2): 35.)

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