Author: (Linnaeus, 1758)

Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)

Diagnosis: body slender. Snout very long, conical. Teeth serrate, uppers oblique, lowers erect, both with broad cusps. Gill-slits short, papillose gillrakers present on gill arches. Pectoral fins long (greater than head length), slender and falcate; first dorsal fin low, its apex rounded, midpoint of its base closer to origin of pelvic fins than to insertion of pectoral fins; inter-dorsal ridge absent. Colour: bright blue above, white below. Size: to 383 cm TL, mostly less than 300 cm TL.

Habitat: open oceanic waters outside continental shelf, but occurring also in coastal waters; epipelagic, often seen swimming slowly at surface. Food: fishes and squids. Reproduction: viviparous, litters large, up to 80 young, usually less. Pups born at 35-45 cm TL; gestation period 9-12 months.

Distribution: widespread northward to Norway and throughout the Mediterranean. Elsewhere, cosmopolitan in tropical to cool-temperate waters.

Complementary iconography. Bonaparte, 1840, fasc. 27, fig. | Day, 1882, pl. 152 | Smitt, 1895, fig. 326, pl. 50 (fig. 3) | Jordan & Evermann, 1900, pl. 4 (fig. 16) | Garman, 1913, pl. 3 (fig. 1-3) | Lozano Rey, 1928, fig. 98-99, pl. 3 (fig. 1) | Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948, fig. 47-48 | Tortonese, 1956, fig. 81-82.
Eggs, larvae and young stages. Lo Bianco, 1909: 666 | Ranzi, 1932: 262;1934: 398 | Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948: 286 | Tortonese, 1956: 154 | Capapé, 1974a: 333.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Superclass Gnathostomata
Class Chondrichthyes
Superorder Pleurotremata
Family Carcharhinidae
Genus Prionace
Species Prionace glauca

Status in World Register of Marine Species

Accepted name: Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)

Scientific synonyms and common names

Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)

Synonyms:

Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Squalus glaucus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. X, 1:235 ('Habitat in Oceano
Europaeo').
? Squalus rondeletii Risso, 1810, Ichthyol. Nice: 27 (Europe).
Squalus glaucus: Risso, 1810: 26 Blainville, 1825: 92 Bonaparte, 1840, fasc. 27, fig.
Squalus caeruleus Blainville, 1825, Faune franç., Poiss.: 90, pl. 23 (fig. 1) (Mediterranean).
? Galeus thalassinus Valenciennes, 1835, in Cuvier. Lecons d'Anat. comp., ed. II: 2, 165 (Atlantic and Mediterranean).
Thalassorhinus vulpecula Valenciennes, 1841, in Müller & Henle, Syst. Beschr. Plagiost.: 62, 189 (Atlantic and Mediterranean).l
Thalassinus rondelettii Moreau, 1881, Hist. nat. Poiss. France, 1: 319, fig. 47 (Atlantic and Mediterranean).
Carcharias glaucus: Moreau, 1881: 329, fig. 50-52 Day, 1882: 289, pl. 152 Smitt, 1895: 1130, fig. 326, Pl. 50 (fig. 3) Ehrenbaum, 1927a: xii. el2, fig. 8;1933, in Joubin, ed., fiche 14, fig.; 1936: 273, fig. 241 Noronha & Sarmento, 1948: 129, 138 Soljan, 1948: 61, fig.
Prionace glauca: Lozano Rey, 1928: 336, fig. 98-99, pl. 3 (fig. 1) Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948: 282, fig. 47-48 Tortonese, 1956: 151, fig. 81-82 Wheeler, 1969: 59, fig. 25, pl. 4.
Glyphis glaucus: Fowler, 1936: 54, fig. 13 Poll, 1947: 52, fig. 27-28 Albuquerque, 1954-1956: 100, fig. 59-60.
Galeus glaucus: Dieuzeide et al., 1953: 38, fig.
Carcharhinus glaucus: Dollfus, 1955: 19.

Common names:

Blue shark [En]
Peau bleue [Fr]
requin bleu [Fr]
Tiburon azul [Es]
tintorera [Es]
zérica [Ar]
blaahaj [Da]
Blauhai [De]
zupka [Hr]
verdesca [It]
blauwe haai [Ne]
blaahai [No]
tintureira [Pr]
tintureiro [Pr]
blahaj [Sv]

Albuquerque, R. M. 1954-1956. Peixes de Portugal e ilhas adjacentes. Chavas para a sua determinação. Port. Acta biol., ser. B,5:xvi+1167 p., 445 fig.

Bigelow, H. B.; Schroeder, W. C. 1948b. Sharks. In: Fishes of the western north Atlantic. Mem. Sears Found. Mar. Res., New Haven, 1(1): 59-576, fig. 6-106.

Blainville, H. M. Ducrotay de. 1825. Vertébrés. Classe V. Poissons. Sous classe Ire. Poissons cartilagineux. In: P. Vieillot et al., 1820-30, Faune francaise ou histoire naturelle générale et particulière des animaux qui se trouvent en France, livr. 13-14, 96 p., 22 pl. (num. I to 68 with lacks).

Bonaparte, C. L. 1832-41, Iconografia della Fauna italica per le quattro classi degli Animali Vertebrati, tomo III, Pesci, Roma, without pagination, 75 puntate (in 30 fasc.), 78 pl.

Capapé, C. 1974a. Observations sur la sexualite, la reproduction et la fecondite de 16 Selaciens pleurotremes, ovipares, aplacentaires des cotes tunisiennes. Arch. Inst. Pasteur Tunis, 51: 229-256, 329-344.

Cuvier, G.; Valenciennes, A. 1828-49. Histoire naturelle des Poissons, Paris-Strasbourg, 22 vol., 11030 p., 621 pl. (numb. 1-650).1,1828: xvi+573 p., pl. I-VIII [author: Cuvier]; 2, 1828: xxi+490 p., pl. 9-40 [Cuv.:1-238, 249-262, 387-490; Val. : 238-249, 262-386]; 3 April 1829: xxiii+500p., pl. 41-71 [Cuvier]; 4,1829: xxvi+518 p., pl. 72-99 [Cuvier]; S, 1830: xxviii+499 p., pl. 100-140 [Cuvier]; 6, 1830: xxiv+559 p., pl. 141-169 [Val. :1-425, 493-559; Cuv.: 426-491]; 7, 1831: xxix+531 p., pl. 170-208 [Cuv. :1-440; Val.: 441-531]; 8, 1832: xix+509 p., pl. 209-245 [Cuv. :1-470; Val.: 471-509]; 9, 1833: xxix+ 512 p., pl. 246-279 [Cuv. :1-198, 330-359, 372-427; Val. :199-329, 359-371, 429-512];10,1835: xxiv+482 p., pl. 280-306 [Val.]; 11, 1836: xx+506 p., pl. 307343 [Val.]; 12, 1837: xxix+507 p., pl. 344-368 [Val.]; 13, 1839: xix+505 p., pl. 369-388 [Val.]; 14,1840: xxii+464 p., pl. 389-420 [Val.]; 15,1840: xxi+540 p., pl. 421-455 [Val.]; 16,1842: xx+472 p., pl. 456-487 [Val.]; 17,1844: xxiii+497 p., pl. 487-519 [Val.]; 18,1846: xix+505 p., pl. 520-553 [Val.]; 19,1847: xix+544 p., pl. 554590 [Val.]; 20,1847: xviii+472 p., pl. 591-606 [Val.]; 21,1848: xiv+536 p., pl. 607-633 [Val.]; 22,1849: xx+532 p., pl. 634650 [Val.].

Day, F. 1880-84. The Fishes of Great Britain and Ireland. London-Edinburgh, 2 vol., cxii+336 p., 5+7 fig., 92 pl. and 388 p., 87 pl. 1880:1(1):1-64, pl. I-XXVII; 1881: 1(2) (3): 65-240, pl. XXVIII-LXVIII; 1882: 1(4): 241-336, pl. LXIX-XCII; 2 (5) :1-96, pl. XCIII-CXVI; 1883: 2 (6): 97-176, pl. CXVII-CXXXII; 2 (7) :177-272, pl. CXXXIII-CXLVIII; 1884: 2 (8): 273-368, pl. CXLIX-CLXXIX.

Dieuzeide, R.; Novella, M. (collab. J. Roland), 1953-55. Catalogue des Poissons des Côtes algériennes. Bull. Stn Aquic. Pêch. Castiglione, I (n.s.), (4), 1952 [1953]: 1-135, 73 fig. n. num.; II (n.s.), (5), 1953 [1954] :1-258, 135 fig. n. num.; III (n.s.), (6), 1954 [1955] :1-384, 202 fig. n. num.

Dollfus, R. Ph. 1955. Première contribution à l'établissement d'un fichier ichthyologique du Maroc atlantique de Tanger à l'embouchure de l'Oued Dra. Trav. Inst. scient. chérif., ZooL, (6): 227 p., 1 map.

Ehrenbaum, E. 1927a. XII Elasmobranchii. In: G. Grimpe & E. Wagler, Die Tierwelt der Nordund Ostsee, Leipzig, 7 (12): el-e66, 44 fig.

Ehrenbaum, E. 1936. Naturgeschichte und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Seefische Nordeuropas, in Handbuch der Seefischerei N. Eur., 2: x+337 p., 276 fig., 2 tabl., 26 pl.

Fowler, H. W.1936. The Marine Fishes of West Africa, based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition 1909-15. Bull. am. Mus. nat. Hist., 70 (1), Jan. 21, 1936: vii+606 p., fig. 1-275; (2), Nov. 18,1936: 607-1493, fig. 276-567.

Garman, S. 1913. The Plagiostomia (Sharks, Skates, and Rays). Mem. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv., 36: xiii+528 p., 77 pl.

Jordan, D. S.; Evermann, B. W. 1896-1900. The Fishes of North and Middle America, a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the isthmus of Panama. Bull. U.S. natn. Mus., (47), Part I, 1896: Ix+1-1240; Part II, 1898: xxx+ 1241-2183 ; Part III, 1898: xxiv+21843136; Part IV, 1900: ci+3137-3313, 391 pl. (958 fig.).

Joubin, L. ed. 1929-38. Faune ichthyologique de l'Atlantique nord. Cons. perm. Int. Expl. Mer, Copenhagen. Fiches faunistiques, 418 pl. (With systematic and alphabetic index by H. Blegvad, 1938.)

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae, ed. X, vol. 1, 824 p. Nantes & Pisces: 230-338. (Reprint, 1956, London.)

Lo Bianco, S.1909. Notizie biologiche riguardanti specialmente il periodo di maturita sessuale degli animali del golfo di Napoli. Mitt. zool Stn Neapel, 19: 513-761.

Lozano y Rey, L.1928. Fauna Ibérica. Pesces (Generalidades, Ciclóstomos y Elasmobranquios). Mus. Nac. Ciencias Nat., Madrid, 1:1-692,197 fig., 20 pl.

Müller, J.; Henle, J.1841. Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Berlin, xxii+204 p., 60 pl.

Moreau, E.1881-91. Histoire naturelle des poissons de la France, Paris, I, 1881: I-VII+ 1-480, fig. 1-82; II, 1881:1-572, fig. 83-145; III, 1881:1-697, fig. 146-220; Suppl., 1891: 1-144, fig. 221-227.

Noronha, A. C. di; Sarmento, A. A. 1948. Vertebrados da Madeira. Funchal, Junta Gen. Distr. Aut., 2:181 p.

Poll, M.1947. Poissons marins in Faune de Belgique. Bruxelles, 452 p., 267 fig., 2 pl., 2 maps n. num. (inset).

Ranzi, S. 1932. Le basi fisio-morfologiche dello sviluppo embrionale dei Selaci I. Pubbl. Staz. zool. Napoli, 12 (2): 209-290, fig. 1-45.

Risso, A.1810. Ichthyologie de Nice, ou histoire naturelle des poissons du département des Alpes Maritimes. Paris, xxxvi+388 p., 11 pl. (Reprint, 1966, Asher, Amsterdam.)

Smitt, F. A. 1893-95. (ed.) A history of Scandinavian fishes, Stockholm and Paris, Atlas, I, 1893, pl. i-xxvii.

Soljan, T. 1948. Fauna i flora jadrana. 1. Ribe Inst. Oceanogr. Ribarst. Jugoslavia. Zagreb, Hrvatske, 437 p., 1350 fig.

Tortonese, E. 1956b. Leptocardia, Ciclostomata, Selachii. Fauna Ital., 2: 334 p., 163 fig.

Wheeler, A. 1969. The Fishes of the British Isles and North-West Europe. Macmillan, London, Melbourne and Toronto: i-xvii+1-163, 5+177 fig., +392 fig. (princ. sp.)+92 n. num. fig., 16 pl., maps.

For further info about Prionace glauca, you can also look up this species under:

You can continue searching for Prionace glauca on one of these Web sites:

Fauna Europaea (animals) | IOPI (plants) | NCBI (genetic)

Google | Yahoo | MSN | Wikipedia